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(Temple:
Dictrict & Circle Lines)
(No admission fee; photography
allowed)
'London's Friendliest Church'
The Temple Church belongs
to two of the four Inns of Court, the Inner Temple and Middle Temple;
it is thus the lawyers' private chapel. It is extra diocesan, has
no parish and is not subject to the authority of the Bishop of London.
The Temple takes its name from the crusading Order of Knights Templars
founded in 1118 to protect pilgrims travelling to the Holy Land.
Their names comes from their headquarters being near the site of the Temple in Jerusalem.
Henry I introduced them to England and they first settled in Holborn
near the top of Chancery Lane. In the 12th century they built their
great house of the New Temple on the banks of the Thames. The Round
Church was built on the model of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre
in Jerusalem.
The Order was accused of heresy and other offences and dissolved
in 1312 at the instigation of Phillipe Le Bel of France and the
Grand Master - Jacques Molay - burned at the stake. In England the
Templars' property passed to their rival order, the Knights Hospitallers
who, in turn, were suppressed at the Reformation. Thus the Temple
eventually passed to the Crown, subject to the tenancies of the
lawyers who had settled there as tenants of the Hospitallers and
formed themselves into two societies, The Benchers of the Inner
Temple and the Middle Temple, who secured the freehold by charter
from James l in 1608. One of the conditions of the grant was that
they were to maintain the Temple Church and its services for ever.
The Minister of the Temple Church is still called the "Master
of the Temple".
In the Round are the nine military effigies (shown)
which probably do not represent Knights Templars but rather their
illustrious supporters. The southern group (on your left) includes the effigy of
William Marshal, Earl of Pembroke, who was Regent during the minority
of Henry III, (ob 1219),and his sons William and Gilbert as
well as that of Robert de Ros, which was brought from Yorkshire.
In the southern group (on your right) is the effigy of Geoffrey de Mandeville, Earl
of Essex (ob 1144) and a 13th century coped Purbeck marble coffin
lid. These monuments were restored by Edward Richardson in the early
1840's, whose efforts were much criticised of his drawings of the
effigies appear on this page. On the night of 10th
May 1941 London was subjected to a Luftwaffe bombing raid and the
roof of the church fell onto the effigies; they had been protected
in the anticipation of a raid by railway sleepers but this was a
fire bomb so each effigy was subjected to its own inferno causing
great damage. The effigies have been carefully repaired.
Other
monuments:
Edmund Plowden (ob 1584), Treasurer of the
Middle Temple. Alabaster effigy with richly decorated canopy.
Bishop
Sylvester of Carlisle (ob 1255), Purbeck Marble and very well
carved. (shown)
Edward Littleton (ob 1664), heraldic brass with
29 shields and a Latin inscription of a winding scroll in
front of choir stalls.
Richard Martin (ob 1615) Recorder
of London. He kneels before his desk holding an open book. By William
Cure ll.
John Selden (ob 1654) Middle Temple jurist,
legal antiquary and scholar; ledgerstone beneath a glass panel.
Sir
John Williams (ob 1669)
George Wylde (ob 1679) signed
by William Stanton
Sir John Witham (ob 1689) signed
by Thomas Cartwright Snr
Lord Chancellor Thurloe (ob
1806) bust by Carlo Rossi
Visit the Temple Church Site or
these below for further information and photographs - or even better
visit this most interesting and very friendly London
Church itself:
http://www.thecyberfarm.com/templars/templarbritain/templechurch/templechurch.htm
http://vrcoll.fa.pitt.edu/medart/image/England/london/Temple-Church/London-Temple-Church.html
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(Tower
Hill: District & Circle Lines)
Lord
Mayor Sir Richard Haddon (ob 1524) Brass
with kneeling figures of two wives and
five children.
Thomas Morley (ob
1566) Brass - a palimpsest
Also several
brasses of the 17th century
Sir William
Ogborne (ob 1734) Master Carpenter to
Board of Ordnance. Cartouche.
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Sir
John Radclif (ob 1568) this is a fragment
of a recumbent effigy.
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Lady
Radclif (ob 1585) the kneeling figure
only
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Peter
Cappone (ob 1582) A Florentine merchant.
Kneeling figure in surround.
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Sir
James Deane (ob 1608) A tripartite piece
with kneeling figures of Sir James and his
three wives.
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Andrew
(ob 1610), Alderman, and Paul Bayning
(ob 1616), Alderman and Sheriff. Kneeling
figures surrounding a corner.
Attrib. to Christopher Kingsfield
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Mrs
Elisabeth Pepys (ob 1669) - wife of
the diarist. By John Bushnell
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Sir
Andrew Riccard (ob 1672) in Roman dress;
erected by Levant Company of which he was
chairman. Attrib. to Bushnell
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Elizabeth
Gore (ob 1698) - one month short
of her 19th birthday
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Jane
Humberstone (ob 1694) the monument
was erected by her husband Matthew
(ob 1709) whose name is added
at the bottom
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Samuel
Pepys (ob 1703 )- the diarist. By Blomfield
(1884)
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Westminster
Abbey
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(Westminster:
Circle & Dictrict Lines)
(There is a £10
Entrance Fee)
Westminster Abbey has an enormous
amount of monuments and it will take a long time to
list them. However I am making a start with the following
illustrations and photographs.
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Sanctuary and Chapel of St Edward the Confessor
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Queen
Eleanor of Castile (ob 1290) - first
wife of Edward I. She died at Harby, Nottinghamshire
and Edward raised the 'Eleanor Crosses'
at the points where the funeral procession
rested on its journey to Westminster. Three
monuments were raised over Eleanor's remains:
as above at Westminster; at Lincoln
(containing her entrails), of which only
the tomb chest remains; and at Blackfriars,
London (containing her heart) which was
totally destroyed at the Dissolution.
Master
William Torel of London cast the beautiful
gilt-bronze effigy. Her right hand once
held a sceptre. The pillows and the top
of the tomb are covered with the castles
of Castile and the lions of Leon. The metalwork
was finished by William Sprot and
John de Ware. Around the top is a
Norman-French inscription which, on translation,
reads:
Here lies Eleanor, sometime
Queen of England, wife to King Edward, son
to King Henry, and daughter of the
King of Spain and Countess of Ponthieu,
on whose soul may God in His pity have mercy.
Amen.
The woodwork was carried out
by Master Thomas de Hokyntone.
However the canopy, which was painted
by Master Walter of Durham, has been
replaced.
On the ambulatory side (not
shown) is a iron grille by Master Thomas
of Leighton Buzzard.
The Purbeck
marble tomb chest is by Master Richard
of Crundale. The shields hung on branches
of trees bear the arms of England, Castile
quartering Leon and Ponthieu.
Below
the chest, and visible from the ambulatory,
is a painting (perhaps by Master Walter
of Durham) of Sir Otes de Grandison
(who rescued Edward in the Holy Land and
who died in 1328) kneeling before the Virgin
and Child and four pilgrims praying before
the Holy Sepulchre
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Queen
Philippa of Hainhault (ob 1369) wife
of Edward III. The tomb is of marble by
Hennequin de Liege. Most of the weepers
have been lost. The effigy is of alabaster
- almost certainly a portrait. (compare
the idealized effigy of Eleanor) Again the
scepter, which has been held in the right
hand has been lost. The columns at the side
of the effigy formerly contained small figures
tomb is covered by a wooden canopy. An iron
grille, from St Paul's Cathedral, formerly
protected the tomb. There were originally
seventy figures made by John Orchard
of London, bronze worker who also erected
and repaired the grille.
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King
Edward III (ob 1377) The
tomb is of Purbeck marble around which are
niches which originally contained bronze
effigies of Edward and Philippa's children
but only six of these (on the south side)
remain: Edward the Black Prince; Joan of
the Tower; Lionel, Duke of Clarence; Lionel,
Duke of York; Mary of Brittany; and William
of Hatfield. (see below) Their arms were on enamelled
shields at their feet but only four remain.
On the base on the ambulatory side (as shown)
are enamelled shields with the arms of England
and St George.
The effigy, around which
runs a Latin rhyming inscription, is
of gilt-bronze; the face is thought to be
based on a death mask but the hair and beard
are idealised.
The wooden canopy over
the tomb may be by Master Hugh Herland.
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Richard II (ob 1400) & Anne of Bohemia
(ob 1394), Richard's first wife
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Richard
was deposed in 1399 by his cousin, Henry
Bolinbroke, Duke of Lancaster, and imprisoned
in Pontefract Castle, where he was probably
murdered. Henry became king as Henry IV.
Richard's body was taken to St Paul's,
where it was displayed publicly for three
days to show that the former king was indeed
dead. He was then buried at King's Lange
in Herefordshire. In 1413 Henry V, in order
to make amends for his father's deposition
of Richard, ordered Richard's body
to be translated to Westminster where he
was buried in the tomb that he had had constructed
for himself and his queen, Anne, who had
died earlier. Anne had died in the Palace
of Sheen and Richard had been so overcome
with grief at her death that he had the
building torn down.
The tomb is similar
to that of Edward III. It is by masons Henry
Yelele and Stephen Lote and by
coppersmiths Nicholas Broker and
Godfrey Prest, all of London. The
effigies are of gilt bronze and are almost
certainly portraits: compare the portrait
of a younger Richard which can be seen in
the Nave. The King and Queen originally
held hands. Richard wears his coronation
robes. The effigies are incised all over
with various badges: on Richard's cape is
the Plantagenet plant; also can be seen
the white hart, the sunburst, the two-headed
imperial eagle and the lion of Bohemia.
The top of the tomb is decorated with fleurs-de-lys,
lions and eagles.
There used to be twelve
gilt images of saints and eight angels as
well as enamelled coats of arms around the
tomb.
On the inside of the wooden canopy
over the tomb are painted Christ in Majesty,
the Coronation of the Virgin and Queen Anne's
arms, the painter being John Hardy. A
rhyming inscription in Latin is painted
around the edge of the canopy.
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King
Edward
the Confessor (ob 1066)
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He
was
the son of King John (see Worcestershire
page) whom he succeeded as a boy in 1216;
he was first crowned at Gloucester, and
four years later at
Westminster Abbey
itself. Henry was responsible for
rebuilding
the Abbey and almost all of the building
west of
Henry VIII chapel belongs to
this reign. He built a shrine to
Edward
the Confessor to which the king's body was
translated in 1269.
Henry was originally
buried before the high altar in a grave
which had been that of Edward the Confessor
but nineteen years later translated to the
present tomb which was built
by his son,
Edward I. He heart was buried at Fontevraud
but there is no monument there.
The King's
tomb consists of a Purbeck Marble base of
two stages, into the sides of which are
set slabs of Italian porphyry
; it was
inlaid with mosaic gilded and brightly coloured
with tesserae of red and green porphyry,
marble and glass, much of which have been
stolen. On the side of the tomb
nearest
the Confessor's shrine are arched recesses
which may have contained relics of the saint.
The
effigy is of gilded cast bronze and
was made by Master
William Torel,
who also made that of Queen Eleanor. The
face would seem to be an idealized likeness
of the King.
His head lies on a double
cushion on which are decorated, as is the
top of the tomb, with lions of England.
The gablet is now missing. An iron grille
- by Master
Henry of Lewes
- once protected the tomb and the wooden
canopy was once gilded and painted.
The
original Norman-French inscription around
the edge of the tomb remains and in translation
reads: 'Here lies Henry, sometime King of
England, Lord of Ireland and Duke of
Aquitaine,
the son of King John, sometime King of England:
on whom God may have mercy. Amen.'
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Edward
vowed that he would build a new church should
he ever return as England's king following
his exile in Normandy; hence he rebuilt
the Saxon church at Westminster with a new
church in the Norman style. This was consecrated
in December 1065; Edward died the following
January and was buried before the high altar.
Following miracles, William the Conqueror
raised a stone gilded and jewelled tomb
over the grave. After Edward's canonization,
a shrine was prepared by Henry II
to which the earlier King's remains were
translated in 1163. The Abbey was rebuilt
by King Henry III and Edward's body moved
to a newly prepared shrine in 1269, the
lower part of which can be seen today. This
is of Purbeck marble decorated with mosaic,
the chief artist being Peter the
Roman. Above this base was the
golden shrine containing the King's coffin.
In the lower part of the shrine are
the recesses in which sick persons knelt.
At the dissolution the shrine was despoiled
of its relicts, gold and jewels and Edward's
coffin buried elsewhere. Under Queen Mary
the coffin was replaced and the shrine rebuilt
although it was again later despoiled of
its wealthy trappings.
In the old church
Queen Edith (ob 1075) , Edward's
wife, was buried near her husband's tomb.
There are no records of her coffin being
moved. Also in this area was buried his
great grand niece Maud (or Edith)
daughter of Malcolm Canmore, King of
Scotland. Also the heart of Henry of
Almayne, son of Richard, Earl of Cornwall,
who was murdered by his cousin Guy de Montford.
For
recent investigation of this area of
the Abbey and recently discovered graves
click
here.
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Aymer
de Valence, Earl of Pembroke (ob 1324)
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He
was son of William de Valance (q.v.) and
hence cousin to Edward II, to whom he remained
loyal in their war with their cousin Thomas
of Lancaster (son of Edmund Crouchback)
and was present when Lancaster was judged
guilty of treason after the battle of Boroughbridge.
He held estates both in England and in France
where he died.
The weepers around the
tomb chest remain and the Earl's effigy
is represented in the armour of the period.
His surcoat is with the Lusignan arms.
Above
is a fine canopy on which the Earl is represented
fully armed and on horseback.
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John
de Valance (ob 1277)
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was young son
of William de Valance. Cross slab with remains
of brass inlaid and applied Cosmatic work.
The slab to his sister Margaret (ob 1276)
is nearby.
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John
de Watham, Bp of Salisbury (ob
1395)
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He was
buried with the kings by order of Richard
II. Any objection was overcome by the gift
to the Abbey of two fine copes and a large
sum of money from the King and the Bishop's
executors.
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William
de Valance (ob
1296)
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Eleanor,
Duchess of Gloucester
(ob 1399)
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John
of Eltham, Earl
of Cornwall
(ob 1336)
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John
of Eltham was
the 2nd son of Edward II and
was three times regent when
Edward III was absent. Alabaster
effigy, probably by the same
artist who made Edward II's
effigy. Note the weepers around
the tomb chest. The canopy
was broken in 1776 and unfortunately
removed.
William
de Valance was
the son of Isabelle of Angoulême,
King John's widow, and hence
half brother to King Henry III.
The tomb is the only English
example of Limoges champlevé
enamel work. The effigy and
tomb chest are of oak and once
were both covered by enamelled
copper plates, mostly now lost
from the chest although not
on the effigy.
Eleanor
was wife of
Edward III's youngest son, Thomas
of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester.
Very fine brass on low altar
tomb.
Archbishop
de Waldeby was a
friend of the Black
Prince. Fine brass
Sir
Humphrey Bourchierwas
killed at the Battle of Barnet
fighting for Edward IV. The
brass effigy is lost but
the helm and shields remain.
On low tomb chest
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Robert
de Waldeby,
Archbishop of
York (ob 1397)
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Sir
Humphrey Bourchier
(ob 1471)
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This
tomb lies between
the Chapels of St
Edmund and St Benedict,
and contains the
remains of Katherine
(ob 1257) and
four other children
of Henry III. With
these were afterwards
laid four children
of Edward I, perhaps
Alfonso and
John of Windsor.
The tomb has
lost much of its
decoration, including
an image of brass
and one of silver.
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Cardinal
Simon de Langham
(ob 1376)
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Abbot
of Westminster, later Chancellor
of England and still later Archbishop
of Canterbury. When he was made
a cardinal he was obliged to
resign as archbishop and join
the Papal court. By Henry
Yevele & Stephen Lote. Canopy
destroyed at the coronation
of George I but much of the
brass inscription remains.
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Chapel
of St
John
the Baptist
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Hugh
(ob 1304) &
Mary (ob 1305) de
Bohum
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Children
of Humphrey de Bohum, Earl of
Hereford & Elizabeth, 4th
Daughter of Edward I. Purbeck.
Originally in St Nicholas's
Chapel
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| Kemble,
Rayleigh, Davy, Baillie
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Some
details:
John
Philip Kemble (ob 1823) represented
as Cato by J Flaxman and finished
after the latter's death by J E Hinchliffe.
The monument originally stood in the
North Transept. Kemble was buried in Lausanne,
Switzerland.
He was a celebrated actor
and was born in Prescot, Lancashire (my
home town), where Kemble Street, is named
after him. I remember a plaque on
the house where he was born.
John William (Strutt)
3rd Baron Rayleigh OM PRS (ob 1919) He
succeeded James Clerk Maxwell as Cavendish
Professor of Experimental Physics at Cambridge
and was Chancellor 1908-10. He was joint
discoverer of the noble gas Argon for which
he was rewarded the Nobel Prize. The bust
relief is by Francis Derwent Wood.
Sir
Humphrey Davy Bt FRS (ob 1829)
Tablet by Sir
F Chantrey. A
Cornishman,
he invented
the famous miners' lamp that was named after
him and from which he refused to profit.
He discovered the elements K, Na, B, Ca,
Ba and Cd. He also discovered the anaesthetic
effect of nitrous oxide - which is still
used today. Teacher of Michael Faraday. Buried
at Geneva.
Mathew
Baillie MD (ob 1823) Physician and anatomist.
Buried at Duntisbourne Abbey, Gloucestershire.
Bust by Sir Francis Chantrey.
William
Camden (ob 1623) Antiquary
and author of Magna Brittania. He
was buried in the South Transept.
Charles
John Canning, 1st Earl of Canning (ob 1862)
1st
Viceroy of India. He was buried with his
father, the Prime Minister, near by. By
J H Foley.
Stratford Canning,
1st Viscount Canning (ob 1800) Diplomat.
By Sir J H Boejm. Verse on
the monument by Tennyson. Buried
at Frant, Sussex.
Elixabeth
Cecil Wife
of Sir Robert Cecil, son of Lord Burghley.
Alabaster tomb with black marble slab, erected
by her husband.
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South
Transept:Poets'
Corner
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Adams, Lister, Wallace, Darwin
Joule, Thynne,
Hooker
Ramsay
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The
recumbent effigy is of Lord John
Thynne (ob 1881) Cleric. Third
son of the 2nd Marquis of Bath. He was Canon
of Westminster for 49 years and Sub-dean
for 46. Buried at Haynes, Beds. By H
H Armstead.
Above are three roundels,
from left to right:
Sir George Gabriel
Stokes, 1st Bt, PRS (ob 1903) Mathematician.
Like Newton he was Lucasian Professor of
Mathematics at Cambridge and MP Cambridge.
(and, like Newton, never spoke in the house)
Stoke's law is a simple equation in fluid
mechanics. Bronze bust by Sir W H Thornycroft.
John
Couch Adams FRS (ob 1892) Mathematician
and Astronomer. He predicted the existence
of the planet Neptune based on the movement
of Uranus and Newton's Law of Gravitation.
Marble bust by A Bruce Joy
Joseph
Lister OM FRS 1st Baron Lister (ob 1912)
Surgeon. Pioneer of antiseptic treatment,
reducing the appalling death rate from infection
following surgery. Buried at Hamstead. White
marble bust by Sir T Brock.
Alfred
Russel Wallace OM FRS (ob 1913) Naturalist.
He formulated a theory of evolution by natural
selection independently of Darwin. In 1858
he and Darwin publicly announced in a join
paper to the Linnean Society. White marble
bust by A Bruce Joy
Charles
Robert Darwin FRS (ob 1882) Naturalist.
Famous as the author of Origin of Species
and the theory of evolution by natural selection.
Buried in north aisle of nave near Newton.
Bronze bust by Sir J E Boehm.
Below
the Stokes plaque:
James Prescot Joule
FRS (ob 1889) Physicist. Famous for
establishing the mechanical equivalent of
heat. The SI unit of energy is named the
Joule after him. Buried at Sale, Ches. White
marble tablet.
Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker
OM GCSI PRS (ob 1911) Botanist. Friend
of Darwin. Director of Kew Gardens 1865-85.
Published the Flora of Antarctica,
New Zealand and Tasmania. Buried at
Kew. White marble bust by F Bowcher
Sir
William Ramsay KCB FRS (ob 1911) Chemist.
He discovered with Lord Rayleigh Argon and
alone isolated helium, neon, krypton and
xenon - all 'noble' gases. Bronze bust by
C L Hartwell
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(St Pauls: Central
Line)
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Three
Cartouches from the church, left to right:-
Richard
Chiswell (ob 1711) 'Citizen and Stationer
of London' Also his parents - John and
Margaret - his first wife Sarah,
and his five children, who died young, whom
he had with his second wife Mary; she is
buried in 'Christ Church, London.' Attrib.
to William Woodman Snr
Sir
John Micklethwaite (ob 1682) Attrib.
to Gibbons
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Anne Packington (ob 1563)
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The three
kneeling figures, shield and inscription are
not 'brasses' but incised and painted tp
look like a brass.
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(Westminster:
Circle & District Lines)
Attrib to Joshua
Marshall
Modern
tablet in memory of General-at-Sea Robert
Blake and the plaque outside the church
to those ejected from the Cromwell Vault
in Westminster Abbey at the Restoration
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(Liverpool
Street:
Circle, Hammersmith and City &
Metropolitan Lines)
| Agnes
and John Crosby (ob 1476)
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Purbeck
marble tomb chest with alabaster effigies
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(Barbican:
Circle, Hammersmith and City & Metropolitan
Lines)
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Founder
of the church. Made when
the east end was modified
in
c.
1405. Effigy, in Augustinian
habit, of Reigate stone.
Two bedesmen and angel holding
shield at feet. Back wall
is pierced to the ambulatory
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Attributed
to Thomas Burman
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| Percival
Smalpace (ob
1558 & Wife
(ob 1588)
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Below
the busts is a slate panel
incised with images of the
couple's naked corpses.
Attrib to Giles de Witt
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| John
(ob 1681) &
Margaret (ob
1680) Whiting
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'lived
lovingly in holy Wedlock
in this Parish 40 years
and upwards...'
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(Barbican:
Circle, Hammersmith and City
&
Metropolitan Lines)
| William
Markeby (ob 1439) & Wife
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St
Mary Abbots, Kensington
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(High
Street Kensington:Circle and District Lines.
Notting
Hill Gate: Circle, District and Central
Lines)
Earl
of Warwick (ob 1721)
By: Giovanni
Battista Guelfi
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St Paul's
Cathedral
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Richard
Burges (ob 1797)
by Thomas Banks
RA
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Admiral
Earl Howe (ob 1799)
By John Flaxman
RA (1813)
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Admiral
Lord Collingwood (ob 1810)
By Richard
Westmacott (1813)
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Captain
Granville Gower Loch RN (ob 1853)
Killed
on the River Irrawaddy in Burman
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Captain
Robert Faulkener (ob 1795)
By John
Charles Felix Rossi (c. 1805)
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Lord
Leighton (ob 1896)
Detail
By:
Sir Thomas Brock KCB RA
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