The Journal of The Church Monuments Society

Guidelines for Contributors

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 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

 CHURCH MONUMENTS - VOLUME I PART 1 1985

Paul Binski: The Coronation of the Virgin on the Hastings Brass at Elsing, Norfolk.
Examines the role of the image of St George – a fashionable Windsor-based cult. Discusses other 14C tombs with Marian imagery. The brass’s images are all derived from Continental models. Examines particularly the Coronation of BVM images which use perspective otherwise absent on rest of brass. Suggests connection with paintings of Jean Pucelle active in Paris in 1320s. Shows Pucellian originals influencing style in other media.
A.V.B.Norman: Two Early Fourteenth Century Military Effigies. Discusses military brasses at Stoke D’Abernon and their revised dating. Describes the armour on the effigy of Sir Henry de Cobham d. c.1316 at Shorne, Kent and Sir Richard de Westcote d. 1333 at Binsted, Hants. Comments on the nature of the armour particularly the coifs worn by these effigies, their sword belts and spurs.
Adam White: Classical Learning and the Early Stuart Renaissanc
.Early 17C memorial sculpture saw introduction of classical learning in design. Pattern of patronage changed, key monument is Elizabeth Russell d. 1600 in Westminster Abbey. Her seated effigy is placed on a copy of a Roman sepulchral altar published in 1602 – probably by Cure workshop of Southwark. Design possibly influenced by her mother Lady Russell who was familiar with recent continental innovations. Also discusses monument to Francis Holles by Nicholas Stone 1624-7 in Westminster Abbey. Traces Inigo Jones monumental work and his influence on Stone. Discusses William Camden’s d. 1623 monument in Westminster Abbey. Suggests Inigo Jones’ classicism not understood by Stone so soon died out.
Tessa Murdoch: Roubiliac's Monuments to Bishop Hough and the Second Duke and Duchess of Montagu.
Discusses monument of John Hough, Bishop of Worcester d. 1743 in Worcester Cathedral. Also monument to Duke of Argyll and Greenwich installed in Westminster Abbey in 1749. The monuments of to the Duke and Duchess of Argyll at Warkton, Northants 1753-4 and to the Viscount and Viscountess Shannon at Walton on Thames c.1755 and George Lynn at Southwick, Northants 1759-60 are also considered.
Julius Bryant: The Church Memorials of Thomas Banks.
Discusses, among others, monuments to Isaac Watts 1779 at Westminster Abbey, Bishop Newton at St Mary le Bow d.1782, Sir Eyre Coote at Westminster Abbey 1783-9, Anne Martha Hand at St Giles Cripplegate d.1784, Anne Pakenham at Meath, Eire 1791. Suggests Banks saw memorial sculpture as the medium by which he could produce work of gallery quality for which his training in Rome had prepared him. 

CHURCH MONUMENTS - VOLUME I PART 2 1986

Anne Brodrick & Josephine Darrah: The Fifteenth Century
Polychromed Limestone Effigies of William Fitzalan, 9^th Earl of Arundel, and his wife, Joan Neville, in the Fitzalan Chapel, Arundel.
 Studies the conservation of the effigies of the Earl and Countess of Arundel at Arundel in 1980. V & A analysed the paint of the painted raised wax decoration. Describes the two effigies and the careers of the two subjects. Analyses the polychrome decoration.
John Lord: Patronage and Church Monuments 1660-1794: a Regional Study.
Looks at patronage of monuments in Lincolnshire. Mainly from London workshops.
Ben Stocker: Medieval Grave Markers in Kent.
Examines a group of 66 medieval grave markers in SE Kent.
John Physick & Nigel Ramsey: Katharine Ada Esdaile 1881-1950
A short account of the work of expert on post Reformation British sculpture with a bibliography of her publications 1904-1956 

 CHURCH MONUMENTS - VOLUME II 1987

A. V. B. Norman: An Unpublished Fourteenth Century Alabaster Fragment .
Discusses the armour and active pose of the remains of an alabaster military effigy at Bingham, Nottinghamshire c1335-50. Comparison is made with the limestone military effigy at Walsall, Staffordshire
Leslie Southwick: The Armoured Effigy of Prince John of Eltham in Westminster Abbey and Some Closely Related Military Monuments.
Discusses armour of effigy. Further discusses effigies at Ifield, Sussex, Waterperry, Oxfordshire, Spilsby, Lincolnshire and brasses at Westley Waterless, Cambridgeshire and Stoke D’Abernon, Surrey which share similarities with the Westminster effigy. Discusses the armour called “a pair of plates”, the cyclas, spurs, gauntlets and sword belts of the Eltham group which dates from around the 1340s.
Terry Friedman: Nost at Bothwell.
Discusses Nost’s monument to 2^nd Duke of Queensbury at Durisdeer church, Dumfriesshire c.1695-1711 and that of 3^rd Duke of Hamilton by James Smith at Bothwell, Lanarkshire 1694-1702. Though Nost’s original design for the Hamilton monument was rejected as too expensive, the author suggests he was responsible for certain features of the completed monument.
Sally F. Badham: Richard Gough and the Flowering of Romantic Antiquarianism.
Gough and his circle were the first to study monuments as works of art. The author examines Gough’s career and work at Society of Antiquaries. Discusses background collaboration with fellow antiquaries in evidence gathering for his Sepulchral monuments which is described and evaluated. Describes divergent views among antiquaries in late 18C and tells of Gough’s disagreement with and departure from Society of Antiquaries in 1797.
John Physick: Royal Monuments in the Nineteenth Century
The tombs of Henry IV and Black Prince at Canterbury were in poor condition in 1844 – Richard Westmacott was asked to investigate - £1600 the estimated cost of restoration. Scott reported on state of Westminster royal effigies – to repair, restore or replace? King John’s effigy at Worcester was gilded – this was later decided to be a mistake. Recounts the arguments at Gloucester between Cathedral architect and Office of Works over quality of work on tomb of Edward II. Gives a history of State payment for repair of monuments prior to Ancient Monuments Act.
John Physick: The Story of a Monument: A Tale of Religious Intolerance
Records the history of a proposed monumental tablet to Canon Henry Riddell Moody d.1873 at Chartham Kent designed by his architect son Francis to complement the Burgey tablet of 1596 in the chancel. The new rector objected to its proposed position and design. He was supported by the Archbishop of Canterbury. The article traces the resulting case through its hearing at Lambeth revealing the underlying proposed Gothic Revival restoration of the chancel. 

CHURCH MONUMENTS - VOLUME III 1988

Harry Tummers: The Medieval Effigial Tombs in Chichester Cathedral.
Reviews the accepted identification of medieval effigies in the cathedral. Uses 17C plan as base. Considers the evidence identifying the tombs of several medieval bishops some of which have been removed from their original locations. Also examines three tombs brought to Chichester from Lewes at the Dissolution and identifies them.
Carol Galvin & Phillip Lindley: Pietro Torrigiano's Tomb for Dr Yonge.
Discusses tomb of John Yonge d. 1516 at the Rolls Chapel – the first fully developed Renaissance tomb in England. Probably designed by Pietro Torrigiano, the effigy is of polychromed terracotta. Comparison is made with tomb of HenryVII and Elizabeth of York at Westminster by Torrigiano. Describes the analysis of paint layers on the effigy and reconstructs the original polychromy.
Mark Stocker: The Church Monuments of Joseph Edgar Boehm.
Examines the eclectic church monuments of Queen Victoria’s Sculptor in Ordinary. He produced 57 monuments including Earl of Cardigan 1868-70 at Deene, Northamptonshire commissioned by his widow, Princess Alice 1878-80 at Frogmore, Duchess of Westminster d. 1880 at Eaton Hall which has 15C Renaissance antecedents. More famous because of its location and subject was Boehm’s monument to Arthur Stanley, Dean of Westminster 1882-4. Also examines Howard tombs at Lanercost Priory, Frank Holly 1888-93 at St Paul’s Cathedral and Benjamin Disraeli at Westminster Abbey. 

CHURCH MONUMENTS - VOLUME IV 1989

Freda Anderson: Three Westminster Abbots: A Problem of Identity.
Gives the conflicting evidence provided by antiquarian sources describing the early tombs of abbots now in the south cloister of Westminster Abbey and identifies them as monuments to Crispin, Gervase and Laurence. Argues for 12C date for all three.
Adam White: Westminster Abbey in the Early Seventeenth Century: A Powerhouse of Ideas.
Shows that tombs at Westminster, which showed many stylistic innovations, had become a regular tourist attraction in the early 17C which resulted in their being copied or adapted by those who saw them for regional use. The article traces the influence the Westminster originals had on provincial tomb sculpture.
John Physick: Westminster Abbey: Designs for Poet's Corner and a New Roubiliac in the Cloister.
Notes the early 18C condition of the S transept of the abbey which contained a vestry. Describes two monuments by James Gibbs in Poets Corner and proposed monument by Rysbrack. Identifies a monument in S cloister as by Roubiliac 1748.

CHURCH MONUMENTS - VOLUME V 1990

Sally F. Badham: London Standardisation and Provincial Idiosyncrasy: The Organisation and Working Practices of Brass-Engraving Workshops in Pre-Reformation England.
Much that has been written and said about brasses over the past fifteen years has been concentrated on stylistic analysis. Published work has focused on the identification of the products of individual workshops through analysis of their distinguishing features and on the documentary evidence relating to the craftsmen. However, these studies also provide information about how the monumental brass industry was organised and about the working practices employed, though little has been written specifically on these aspects. This paper attempts to fill the gap by surveying the evidence available to date and comparing and contrasting the practices apparently employed in different parts of the country and at different times.
Pamela M. King: The Cadaver Tomb in England: Novel Manifestation of an Old Idea.
Cadaver tomb phenomenon was orthodox, even reactionary – novel only in the manner of its plastic expression. Early15C cadaver tombs exceptionally inscrutable. Examines intellectual and philosophical basis of elaborate tombs, funerals and mortality.
Jon Bayliss: Richard Parker "The Alabasterman".
By the beginning of the sixteenth century, Burton-upon-Trent had established itself as the centre of the alabaster tomb industry in England. Although an alabaster tomb could be ordered from a Nottingham workshop as late as c. 1495, work of the first three decades of the sixteenth century in a recognisable Burton style can be found throughout England and Wales. For a talented young sculpture working in Burton in 1530, the future must have looked very bright. Yet, when that same sculptor died in 1570, the Burton tomb industry was left in the hands of incompetents and it was only the arrival of a Netherlandish refugee in the mid-1580's that saved it from extinction in face of a revived challenge from Nottingham. The aim of this paper is to trace the career of Richard Parker from the 1530's to 1570, looking at both his life and work.
Jean L. Wilson: Holy Innocents: Some Aspects of the Iconography of children on English Renaissance Tombs.
 Examines the use of the palm to indicate association with Holy Innocents. Also roses and other flowers. Considers infant’s tombs in 16 & 17C.
John Lord: A Pugilist's Monument: The Parkyns Tomb at Bunney, Nottinghamshire.
Discusses monument to Sir Thomas Parkyns (d. 1741) at Bunny, Notts. His monument shows him as a wrestler, his favourite exercise. Suggests Edward Poynton as possibly the sculptor responsible for the overall design and considers other monuments by him
Ilene D. Lieberman: Sir Francis Chantrey's Early Monuments to Children, and Neoclassical Sensibilities.
 Looks at monument to Marianne Johnes 1815 formerly at Hafod, Cards, and the Robinson children at Lichfield. Discusses role of Thomas Stothard and influence of Thomas Banks’ Boothby monument at Ashbourne Derby on the Lichfield tomb. Also examines influence of James Northcote’s painting of the murder of the princes in the Tower exhibited 1786.

CHURCH MONUMENTS - VOLUME VI 1991

Claud Blair :The Conington Effigy: Fourteenth Century Knights at Conington, Doddington and Tollard Royal.
Discusses Purbeck marble effigy of knight wearing a Franciscan friar’s habit over mail armour at Conington, Hunts. Discusses the bacinet worn over the coif and its date implications. Also described and discussed are the Purbeck knight at Dodford, Northants c.1344 and the stone knight at Tollard Royal, Wilts. It is suggested that Corfe or Salisbury workshops were the source of these 2 effigies; London is the place of manufacture for the Conington effigy. An appendix by Ron Firman discusses the Purbeck marble industry post 1300. He also discusses the trade in alabaster from Poole and other Southern ports.
Jon Bayliss: Richard and Gabriel Royley of Burton-upon-Trent, Tombmakers.
Around 100 monuments survive from the Royley workshop mid 1540s – late 1590s, also incised slabs. Describes and illustrates the surviving work of this rather conservative firm which continued to work in alabaster in the medieval tradition. An appendix lists surviving tombs.
John Physick: The Sondes Monuments at Throwley, Kent
SE chapel dedicated to Sondes family. Series begins with William d.1474 and ends Lewis Duras d.1709.
Pauline Sheppard Routh: Elegy in a Country Churchyard: The Dunn Monument at Otley
Churchyard monument to Thomas Dunn d. 1857 at Otley, Yorks featuring recumbent effigy of his widow Carolina. The sculptor was Dennis Lee of Leeds.
Martin D. W. Jones: Gothic Enriched: Thomas Jackson's Mural Tablets in Brighton College Chapel.
Churchyard monument to Thomas Dunn d. 1857 at Otley, Yorks featuring recumbent effigy of his widow Carolina. The sculptor was Dennis Lee of Leeds.
Richard Knowles: Tale of an Arabian Knight: the T. E. Lawrence Effigy.
 Describes the monumental effigy to T.E. Lawrence at Wareham, Dorset carved by E.H. Kennington. Portland stone 14C style. Illustrated by series of photographs taken during its creation 1936-39.

CHURCH MONUMENTS: VOLUME VII 1992

Claude Blair: The Date of the Early alabaster Knight at Hanbury, Staffordshire.
Investigates the alabaster military effigy at Hanbury formerly considered to date from c.1300 and thus the earliest alabaster effigy. Describes armour. Identifies Henry de Hanbury d. c1347 as likely subject. Compares effigy to similar examples in Shropshire, Nottinghamshire & Staffordshire, three of which carry purses. A workshop at Shrewsbury or Lichfield is proposed for them.
Harry Tummers: Medieval Effigial Monuments in the Netherlands.
Fifteen surviving medieval tombs. No suitable local stone. Describes effigial tombs and incised slabs 13-16C.
Adam White: England c. 1560 - c. 1660: A Hundred Years of Continental Influence.
Discusses Dormer monument at Wing, Bucks and Hoby tomb at Bisham and points out French influence on them. Also traces Netherlandish influence. Traces French and Netherlandish influence in monuments by Nicholas Stone. Looks at Italian influence under James I and the availability of published engravings of European monuments. An appendix tables Netherlandish sculptors working in London under Elizabeth I.
Ingrid Roscoe: Flemish Sculptors and Adjustments for the English Market: The Case of Peter Scheemakers.
Examines the effect current English Protestant taste had on immigrant sculptors from the Catholic Low Countries. Both imagery and range of commissions were narrowed in England. Compares the career of Peeter Scheemaeckers of Antwerp and his son Peter who came to England c.1720.
John Lord: The Building of the Mausoleum at Brocklesby, Lincolnshire
Traces history of the classical mausoleum by James Wyatt built 1786-94 to commemorate Sophia Pelham d.1786. Three other monuments in the mausoleum (which were commissioned in Rome in 1769), and the identity of their sculptor, are investigated. 

CHURCH MONUMENTS: VOLUME VIII 1993

Claude Blair: The de Vere Effigy at Hatfield Broad Oak
Freestone military effigy of Robert de Vere I d.1221. Discusses the development of  methods of attaching the scabbard to its belt. Suggests date of c.1315 for the monument and relates it to London School effigies at Westminster.
Janet Arnold: The Jupon or Coat-Armour of the Black Prince in Canterbury Cathedral.
Describes the jupon – its construction, materials and heraldry. Compares it to contemporary garments at Chartres and Lyon and two dimensional images of the 14C.
Philip J. Lankester: Two Lost Effigial Monuments in Yorkshire and the Evidence of Church Notes.
Examines evidence for two lost late medieval effigial monuments from church notes by heralds in 16 & 17C. Francis Thynne’s record of a 15C military effigy formerly at Escrick, Yorks, possibly of a Lascelles, and Henry Johnston’s record of an early 15C alabaster knight at South Cave, Yorks. Discusses the existence of additional copies of church notes made by Glover in Yorkshire at his visitation in 1584.
Jon Bayliss: A Dutch Carver: Garrett Hollemans l in England.
Traces Hollemans’ career, which probably started at Burton-on-Trent. Several Midland tombs are ascribed to him on stylistic grounds. The proximity of sources of alabaster might account for his presence in Burton rather than Southwark to which several other immigrant carvers went.
Jean Wilson: The Memorial by Nicholas Stone to Sir Thomas Bodley.
Analyses the iconographic programme of the mural memorial in Merton College Oxford and draws attention to similarities found on the tomb of Pope Sixtus IV by Pollaiuolo.
Philip Ward-Jackson: The French Background of Royal Monuments at Windsor and Frogmore
 Traces the influences bearing on the monuments to Prince Albert and Queen Victoria commissioned in 1862. The monuments to members of the Orleans family and their sculptors, who were to work on the Windsor monuments, are discussed.

CHURCH MONUMENTS: VOLUME IX 1994

Brian and Moira Gittos: The Goldsborough Effigies.
Describes two early 14C military effigies detailing their armour and the setting of the two monuments. The genealogy of the Goldesburgh family is investigated and the two effigies identified.
Claude Blair: The Wooden Knight at Abergavenny.
Examines early referencess to effigy. Discusses generally the bacinet worn under mail hood and the poleyns. Confirms identification of John 2^nd Baron Hastings d. 1325. Identifies tomb-chest panel in the church as belonging to original memorial and suggests that the monument was in the form of a ciborium. An appendix describes the paint found by conservators.
Pauline Routh: Yorkshire's Royal Monuments: Prince William of Hatfield.
Discusses the date of the 14C monument and its various locations in York Minster.
Adam White: The Booke of Monuments Reconsidered: Maximilian Colt and William Wright.
Discusses the manuscript in the College of Arms which was created to record the approval of heraldic and genealogical information on proposed memorials. William Wright is discovered as the probable designer of the Hertford monument at Salisbury c.1621.
Terry Friedman: Modern Icarus, or the Unfortunate Accident.
Recounts the death of Robert Cadman who fell while performing on a rope stretched from the spire of St Mary’s church, Shrewsbury in 1740.
Ingrid Roscoe: The Monument to the Memory of Shakespeare.
Recounts the raising of funds to commemorate Shakespeare in London through benefit performances. Installed in 1741, the monuments by Peter Scheemakers was popularly received and inspired a Shakespeare revival and the placing of his statue in theatres and other locations. Scheemakers became most popular sculptor overshadowing Rysbrack.
John Lord: Repairing and Cleaning of the Said Burying Places.
Looks at repair of monuments in 17 and 18 C notably the Anderson family tombs at Broughton, Lincs and the Willoughby d’Eresby tombs at Spilsby, Lincs
John Physick: Prime Ministers in Westminster Abbey
 Gives an account of the commissioning and siting of monuments to Disraeli, Gladstone, Salisbury and Campbell-Bannerman paid for by Parliament.

 CHURCH MONUMENTS: VOLUME X 1995

John Blair: The Limoges Enamel Tomb of Bishop Walter de Merton
An account of the tomb of the Bishop of Rochester d.1277 in Rochester Cathedral which originally had an effigy of Limoges enamel.
Mark Downing: Military Effigies with Breast Chains
An analysis of the eleven surviving 14C military effigies which feature breast chains
Paul D. Cockerham: The Early Treffry Monuments at Fowey: A Reappraisal
Considers three locally produced 16C incised slabs and four 15C brasses to the Treffrys at Fowey and redates them.
John Broome: Samuel Baldwin: Carver of Gloucester
Baldwin was active 1603-45. He reworked designs of Southwark immigrants. Gloucestershire, Herefordshire and Worcestershire were the counties where his work is mainly found. The paper reviews his output and lists 59 monuments.
Marjorie Trusted: Moving Church Monuments: Processional Images in Spain in the Seventeenth Century
Paso – processional groups of large scale carved sculptures of early 17c Vallodolid by Rincón and Fernández for confraternities. Carried or wheeled through the streets at religious festivals.
Jean Wilson: 'Two names of friendship, but one Starre' Memorials to Single-Sex Couples in the Early Modern Period
Examines monument to Fulke Greville d.1628 at Warwick and that to Thomas Baines d.1681 and John Finch d.1684 at Christs College, Cambridge as commemorating homosexual relationships.
Clive Easter: John Weston of Exeter and the Last Judgement
Weston flourished c1700-48. Looks at his monument to Thomas Northmore d.1713 in St Thomas, Exeter and others at Whitchurch, St Blazey, Ashprington and St Petroc, Exeter featuring depictions of the Last Judgment.
Malcolm Baker:Roubiliac and Cheere in the 1730's & 40's: Collaboration and Sub-contracting in Eighteenth - Century English Sculptors' Workshops
Examines Roubiliac’s early career as a sculptor associated with the workshops of Thomas Carter and Henry Cheere. Analysis of his early monuments and the circumstances under which they were produced reveals how Roubiliac progressed within the workshops and business practices of notable London statuaries.
Fritz Scholten: Canova in Delft, the Commission for the Funeral Monument to Willem George Frederick, Prince of Orange (1806) Reconstructed.
Gives history of Canova’s monument to the Prince originally erected in the church of the Eremitani in Padua in 1812. The monument was removed to Delft in 1896. 

CHURCH MONUMENTS: VOLUME XI 1996

Mary Markus: 'An attempt to Discriminate the Styles' - the sculptors of the Harrington Tomb, Cartmel
The Harrington tomb, in the south choir aisle of the priory church at Cartmel, is a fascinating mixture of iconographical ideas. At least three separate hands can be identified in the tomb canopy and the effigies of Sir John Harrington, d. c. 1347, and his wife Joan (née Dacre). The tomb marks a culmination, in the north-west of England, of evolving sculptural styles and expertise and expertise, which can be traced through a series of monuments, from the 1320's to c. 1345 including the shrines of St William at York and St Werbergh's shrine at Chester. That the tomb involved this team of at least three sculptors is not surprising considering the large size of the monument and its ambitious sculptural programme. The stylistic sources these sculptors drew upon were both innovative for the north-west of England and indicative of the aspirations of the tomb patrons, who, like other patrons, were trying to reflect their hopes for the after-life in the appearance of their tomb.
Amy Louise Harris: Tombs of the New English in Late Sixteenth and Early Seventeenth-century Dublin

Jean Wilson: I Dote on Death: The Fractured Marriage in English Renaissance Art and Literature

Andrew Jezzard: 'An All-round Craftsman.' George Frampton's Church Monuments

 CHURCH MONUMENTS : VOLUME XII 1997

Brian and Moira Gittos with Lawrence Butler: The Conservation of the Goldsborough Effigies
A few months after the article on the effigies at Goldsborough was published, work began on their conservation. Both monuments were suffering from the effects of damp which had caused damage to the stone. In the case of the figure under the arched recess, this was localised at the north-east corner of the recess and the adjacent rear wall, where both the figure itself and the corner of the integral base slab were deteriorating. The figure on the tomb chest, on the south side of the chancel, did not appear to be affected but the tomb chest itself had already lost a great deal of its surface on the long side, with the stone blistering and flaking. This was of particular concern as it threatened the surviving painted figures in the niches on the side panels, the majority of which had already been lost. The conservation was placed with Harrison Hill and, in the late autumn of 1995 both effigies, part of the plinth of the northern figure and the tomb chest from the south side were taken to their workshop at Brigstock (Northamptonshire) for conservation. Dr Lawrence Butler of the Department of Archaeology, York University carried out archaeological recordings during the dismantling and removal. A copy of the interim report appears in Appendix 1. The authors visited the workshop (December 1995)to see the conservation work in progress and Goldsborough church (March 1996) to observe the evidence afforded by the absence of the effigies and tomb chest. The monuments were replaced later that year. The purpose of this paper is to record, and comment upon, the additional information which has become apparent as a result of this work.
John Coales: The Drawings of Roger de Gagnières: Loss and Survival
The drawings collected together by the French antiquary Roger de Gaignières (1642-1715) deserves to be better known by English scholars. The many drawings now preserved cover French funerary monuments and other objects of antiquarian interest. For us  the significance lies in the fact that they show French medieval monuments, the vast majority of which were destroyed or damaged in the Revolution of the late eighteenth century. The drawings, or copies of them, are now preserved in the collections of the Bodleian Library, Oxford and the Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris. They have been published in the Gazette des Beaux-Arts in a miniature format which, whilst invaluable as a reference for students of the subject, hardly does them justice nor allows their full detail to be appreciated.
A study of the drawings shows that they are done by a number of hands and that the qu laity varies. Nonetheless they are of great value in determining the appearance of monuments in pre-Revolutionary times and their accuracy and value will be assessed in this paper. It will examine how they came to be collected together and preserved, though the majority were dispersed; what they show; how they were used in the restoration of the French Royal monuments at Saint-Dennis; and the copying of those in the Bodleian Library in the nineteenth century.
As this paper covers events of some two centuries it is of necessity much condensed. Those wishing to study the subject in depth are referred to the bibliography from where much of the information that follows has been obtained. To the best of my knowledge nothing has been published  regarding Gaignières on this side of the Atlantic. This is a brief outline of the history of the drawings and is capable of being explained more fully by further research. 
Willem Bergé: Sculptors on the Move: Thomas Quellin in Denmark
Thomas Quellin delivered sculpture to the King of Denmark and to many members of the nobility, senior officers and rich merchants. The Czar of Russia even owned work by him. Whilst based in Copenhagen, Quillin might have seen himself as a temporary emigrant, an adequate designation of his status outside his homeland.
Ingrid Roscoe and Kenneth Hempel: The Refreshment of memory: Joseph Wilton's Byerley Monument, Restored

Alain Jacobs: Joseph Wilton's Nivelles Years and the influence of Laurent Delvaux

John Lord: Richard Hayward: An early and some late Commissions

Joan Coutu: Carving Histories: British Sculpture in the West Indies

Louise Boreham: Louis Reid Deuchars - Collaboration with Sir Robert Lorimer

CHURCH MONUMENTS: VOLUME XIII 1998

Brian and Moira Gittos: Irish Purbeck: Recently Identified Purbeck Marble Monuments in Ireland
Since 1994 a survey of Purbeck marble coffin-shaped slabs has been serialised in the Newsletter. Although only English counties have been published to date, the Survey includes slabs wherever they occur and a few are known from the continent. During a visit to Dublin by the authors in March 1998, a check was made of the grave slabs preserved in the crypt of Christ Church Cathedral. One of these was known from previous observations to exhibit features recognisable, from the Survey, as being characteristic of Purbeck marble slabs. In the event, two of the slabs in the crypt were found to be of this material. What was completely unexpected, however, was the discovery, during the same visit, that the two of the medieval effigies at Christ Church were also Purbeck marble, together with a third figure in St Patrick's Cathedral. and an excavated fragment of a fourth from the collection of the National Museum of Ireland, on exhibition in Dublin.  A further visit, in July 1998, added to this list a civilian effigy at St Audoen's, a third coffin-shaped slab and a coffin (the latter two in the churchyard of St Patrick's). The five Purbeck marble effigies in Dublin are probably the largest concentration outside London.
Irish medieval figure sculpture has been the subject of a very thorough study, including some petrological identification, but none has previously been identifies as being carved in this Dorset limestone. In 1970 D M Waterman refuted earlier suggestions by Sir Thomas Drew that Purbeck had been used extensively for shafts at Christ Church, Dublin. More recently, a Purbeck slab with indents for a monumental brass with a separate letter inscription has been noted at trim. On the other hand, it is known that indigenous sources of polishable limestone, eg from quarries in the area of Kilkenny, was used both for architectural elements and monuments. The availability of native alternatives to Purbeck would have reduced the market for an imported stone. Against this background, the recognition of eight medieval monuments and a coffin in Purbeck marble is highly significant in an Irish context and has important consequences for the wider distribution of such products and patterns of trade. This paper puts on record the new evidence and briefly considers the implications.
Portia Askew: Early Medieval Purbeck Marble Grave Slabs from Southwark
An excavation at 10-18 London Bridge Street was carried out by staff of the Museum of London Archaeological Service in September/October 1997. A sequence of deposits from the Roman to the medieval period was discovered. The latest structure in the excavation was a fifteenth century cellar/cesspit constructed from chalk, flint and sandstone. Within the fabric of the remaining two walls were two  reused Purbeck marble grave slab fragments, one of which was inscribed. Since the recent notification of the find in April's Ecclesiology Today, some changes have been made following further research by the author and comments on the grave slabs by Sally Badham. Publication of the site, including further refinements to the chronology using cartographic and documentary sources is in preparation for the London Archaeologist (P Askew with S Badham & S Humphreys, 'Excavation at 10-18 London Bridge Street' forthcoming.
Both are adult slabs and made from Purbeck marble carved at or near one of the quarries of Corfe in Dorset and marketed locally and through the marblers' workshops in London.
Mark Downing: Lions of the Middle ages: A Preliminary Survey of Lions on Medieval Military Effigies

Paul Cockerham: Sale of French Incised Slab: Argument for its Attribution
A section of  'A French (Normandy or Brittany) stone panel from a tomb - early fifteenth century' was offered for auction by Sotheby's in New York. The sale catalogue description continues, '...carved in low relief with alternating male and female saints, within trefoil pointed arches, a partial inscription in French below, losses and extensive wear, repaired crack, mounted on a later metal stand, 13.25" by 32.375".' Its presale estimate was $10 - 12,000 but reportedly it was sold after the sale for $5,000.
Richard Knowles: French Excursions: Charles Alfred Stothard and the Monumental Effigies of France
Amy Louise Harris: The Funerary Monuments of Richard Boyle, Earl of Cork
Jean Wilson: Ethics Girls: The Personification of Moral Systems on Early Modern English Monuments
Lawrence Butler: The Monuments in Wakefield Cathedral
Obituary: A V B (Nick) Norman, 1930 - 1998

Sally Badham: Medieval Minor Effigial Monuments in West and South Wales:An Interim Survey
Although the sepulchral slabs and effigies of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries in north Wales were comprehensively surveyed by Gresham, far less attention has been paid to the equivalent monuments in south Wales. Many of the carved high- relief effigies were described variously by Williams, Allen and Westwood in the late nineteenth century and by Law and Edwards in the early twentieth, but references to minor effigial monuments are relatively few. A thorough survey of brasses of this area revealed only a handful of medieval examples. Whilst Greenhill compiled a near -complete catalogue of effigial incised slabs in England and Scotland, Wales remained largely unsearched at his death. Exploratory trips in south Wales, mainly by his close friend and collaborator, H A Beetlestone, revealed just four effigial slabs, of which only two had the entire composition incised. Similarly, few semi-effigial relief monuments have been noticed in print other than fleetingly.
Overall, the impression created by the literature is that there was a dearth of minor effigial monuments in this area, but this is far from true. Sample searching of some 120 churches in south-west Wales has revealed many effigies, including some very unusual ones. A topographical catalogue of the medieval minor effigies revealed by this preliminary survey isat the appendix. Each item is numbered for ease of cross-reference with the main text; the location of each item is shown by this number on the distribution map
Harry Sunley: St Nicholas's Churchyard, Kenilworth, Warwickshire: An Appropriated Monastic Slab.

John Coales: Stothard's French Excursions Revisited: An Amendment.

Richard Knowles: A Further Album of Stothard Drawings.

Christine Faunch: Constructing the Dead: Late XVI and Early XVII Century Effigy Sculpture in Devon.

Jeremy Maule: Thomas Carew's Epitaph for Maria Wentworth at Toddington, Bedfordshire.

Peter D. Sherlock: Academic Commemoration: Monuments at Corpus Christi College, Oxford 1517-1700.

Lynda Borean: John Bushnell in Venice.

Julian Litten: Tombs Fit For Kings: Some Burial Vaults of the English Aristocracy and Landed Gentry of the Period 1650-1850.

Norman Hammond: Outpost of Empire: Church Monuments in Belize.

CHURCH MONUMENTS VOLUME XV 2000

Claude Blair, John Goodall, Philip Lankester: The Winchelsea Tombs Reconsidered
As has been demonstrated several times in Church Monuments, the redating later of the earliest English military brasses has made it necessary to reconsider the dating and identification of a number of stone and wooden military effigies hitherto ascribed to the thirteenth century. Our purpose here is to do this for the three well-known Purbeck marble figures contained in freestone tombs in the wall of the North Chapel of the parish church of St Thomas Becket, Winchealsea, and to further reconsider all the medieval tombs there in the light of the conclusion reached. 
Paula Frosch: Mind Thee to Die: The Beresford Monument at Fenny Bentley
A careful survey of the Beresford Monument and an in-depth comparison with a variety of other shrouded effigies reveals it to be far more than a macabre oddity. Possibilities are raised for a new interpretation of its composition and intent.
Sophie Oosterwijk: Chrysoms, Shrouds and Infants: A Question of Terminology
The term 'crysom' has long been used to describe effigies and weepers of swaddled infants on tomb monuments yet the exact meaning of this word has seldom been queried. It is doubtful that these figures portray infants who died before their mothers' churching and who were actually buried in their baptismal clothes, as has often been claimed. Instead they are more likely to represent infants who died in the swaddling stage, i.e.. within the first few months of their loves. As such they illustrate a need on the part of parents and siblings to commemorate the brief lives of those children who might otherwise have been ignored by history. 
Lawrence Butler: The Smithson Monument at Stanwick, North Yorkshire
Conservation work on the late seventeenth table tomb of Sir Hugh and Lady Smithson had provided details of the original location and design of the monument. It has also enabled the sculptor to be identified as (William) Stanton of London.
Matthew Craske: Entombed Like an Egyptian: An Eighteenth Century Surgeon's Extravagant Mausoleum to Preserve his Mortal Remains
This article reviews a series of documents connected with the construction of the pyramid monument to the London surgeon, Francis Douce, which was completed in the late 1740's. It discusses the general history of Egyptology in the mid-eighteenth century, in particular the interest of surgeons in the subject of Egyptian embalming. As Douce's pyramid was built with the declared purpose of preserving his remains until the Last Trump, the article touches upon the issue of corporeal resurrection. Beyond this it argues that a belief in corporeal resurrection endured in educated English society, despite the weight of rationalist arguments concerning its practical feasibility.
Norman Hammond: Beyond the Mexique Bay: Church Monuments in Belize, Part II
Monuments in St John's Cathedral and the adjacent Yarborough Cemetery in Belize City, Central America, span the nineteenth century and include wall tablets in stone and brass, upright and various formats of recumbent gravestones. There is no figured sculpture, and the monuments commemorate the official and mercantile class that ruled and modestly prospered in the colony of British Honduras. Masons' names show that some monuments were imported from London, others from Scotland, the United States and Jamaica. Although the Cathedral was arguably an Anglican preserve, the cemetery was multi-denominational and multi-national.
Obituary: Walter Mendelsson, FSA

Dirk Breiding: Dynastic Unity:Fourteenth Century Military
Effigies in the Chapel of Castle Kronberg
This article is a result of research undertaken for a thesis forming part of a Master's Degree in History of Art at University College, London in 1999. Examining the Chapel of the Castle of Kronberg near Frankfurt/Main, the thesis argues that the former had been built with a very distinct ideological and theological programme as a burial and chantry chapel to be used by three different branches of the same family, all resident in Kronberg Castle. The article is a revised extract concentrating on four military tomb effigies in the chapel. These four effigies are not only interesting sources for the study of late 14th century arms and armour but also show a remarkable diversity in the artistic quality.
Jon Bayliss: An Indenture for Two Alabaster Effigies
This paper concerns the discovery of a previously unrecorded contract for the production of alabaster effigies from the workshop of Thomas Prentys and Robert Sutton at Chellaston. Our perceptions of medieval sculpture are all to often coloured by the chance survival and prone to change with the publication of previously unknown documentation. Some works cannot be ignored, documentation or not, but others come to prominence because they are documented, whilst other contemporary work of equal merit is either largely ignored or judged in the context of the documented piece.
Jonathan Edis: Beyond Thomas Kirby: Monuments of the Mordaunt Family and their Circle, 1567-1618
Thomas Kirby was once thought to have made a distinctive group of Renaissance church monuments in the Midlands during the 1570's. However doubts have been cast on his existence in recent years. Closer examination of the evidence reveals that the real sculptors were probably long term employees of the Mordaunt family and their close relations, and that they worked predominately from the Totternhoe stone quarries in Bedfordshire.
Clodagh Tait: Irish Images of Jesus 1550-1650
In Ireland the post-Reformation production of images and devises,  in funerary sculpture and elsewhere, relating to devotions to Jesus, demonstrates His centrality to popular Catholic religiosity. This paper traces the different motifs used, thereby throwing light on several aspects of Irish Catholic piety during the 16th and 17th centuries.
Stephanie Knoell: An eternal academic community: Oxford Memorials, 1580-1680
In contrast to many other early modern universities, the University of Oxford was (and still is) organised in colleges. These created a very strong sense of belonging among their members. It has been argued that funerary monuments contributed to the way in which '...[the college] understood and promoted itself.' In contrast to previous studies which concentrated on the academics' learnedness and their differences to the nobility, this paper takes a close look at the ways in which academics at Oxford represented themselves, and what roles the college community played in their understanding of themselves. 
Clive J Easter: Notes on the Monuments and Career of Thomas Green of Camberwell: Some Recent Discoveries
It can be argued that church monuments in the 17th century underwent such fundamental changes in the way that monumental art was perceived as to mark the century out as perhaps the most important in the development of memorial sculpture at any time in British history. The key to these changes and possibly the most important aspect are those that affected the effigy and the way in which it was viewed within a broader cultural and social framework.
Philip Whittemore: Waller Fecit: London
It is exactly one hundred and fifty years since the Great Exhibition of 1851 and ninety-six since the death of John Green Waller. He was one of the foremost antiquaries of the Victorian era, as celebrated in his time as Albert Way, Charles Roach Smith and F W Fairholt. He was known variously as an artist, engraver and knowledgeable antiquary, whose pronouncements at the meetings of the Society of Antiquaries were always illuminating. With his brothers Lionel and William Augustus, he was responsible for a series of brasses that rivaled those designed by Pugin. Today the Waller brothers are remembered more for a A Series of Brasses from the 13th to the 16th Century, published in eighteen parts between 1840-1864, than the brasses they designed. This paper looks at the Waller family and places in context their contribution in the design and execution of monumental brasses. It examines J G Waller's antiquarian career in detail for the first time.
Gerardine M Mulcahy: An Eminent Sculptor: William Day Keyworth Jun. of London & Hull.
Celebrated for his abilities in portraiture and imaginative public sculpture, it is regretted that Keyworth junior executed relatively few church monuments. Nevertheless, alongside a brief biographical note, this paper introduces two of Keyworth junior's most successful works: the monuments to William Farquhar Hook in Leeds Parish Church and Archdeacon Musgrave in Halifax. Despite the lamentable absence of archival material, an account of the Hook monument can be construed from contemporary journals. Conversely a wealth of archival material affords an enlightening account of the monument to Archdeacon Musgrove including the imaginative fund raising effort of the Memorial Committee, their terms of agreement with the sculptor and the eventual reception of the monument when placed in the parish church. 

 CHURCH MONUMENTS VOLUME XVII 2002

Peter Ryder: St John's Church, Stanwick, North Yorkshire: The Medieval Cross Slabs.
Stanwick. 6km north of Scots Corner in North Yorkshire is best known for its Iron Age earthworks complex, at the centre of which St John's parish church now stands alone, except for the 17th century house of Kirkbridge. The church is now in the care of the Churches Conservation Trust; apart from its fine west tower, south aisle and south porch, it was heavily rebuilt in 1868 by Anthony Salvin. The building does however retain one of the most important collections of carved stones and monumental remains in North Yorkshire. In addition to many pieces of pre-Conquest sculpture, four very weathered medieval effigies, two brass inscriptions and the 17th century Smithson monuments, there is a very rich extensive collection of medieval cross grave covers. This latter, probably the largest group of such monuments in North Yorkshire, has never been described in print.
Brian and Moira Gittos:The Ingleby Arncliffe Group of Effigies: A Mid Fourteenth Century Workshop in North Yorkshire.
This study examines a tightly-knit group of mid-fourteenth century effigies located in the former North Riding of Yorkshire. Recognition of the output from this local workshop provides a valuable insight into the choices available to patrons, and the monuments also demonstrate that differing forms were produced by the same source. Previously published dates range widely but it is now possible to demonstrate the group were produced over a short span of time. The extremely poor condition of some of the figures tends to obscure the original intent and achievement of the carvers but careful examination enables a much clearer picture to emerge, with some unusual features present. The overall impression is of a competent, local supplier exploiting an expanding and developing market by catering for the precise wishes of his clients. Full details of each figure are contained in the appended catalogue. 
Claud Blair and John Goodall: An Effigy at Wilsthorpe: A Correction to Pevsner's Lincoln.
Nikolaus Pevsner is frequently criticized for innacuracies in his 'Buildings of England' series. Though the criticism is not unjustified, it nature has often seemed to me to be unfair in the light of the quite extraordinary personal achievement the series represents, and the important role it has played in the struggle to protect the nation's ancient buildings. The following correction of one of the innacuracies is therefore to be regarded as no more than that.
Mark Downing and Richard Knowles: A Fifteenth Century Helmet Depiction at Gnosall, Staffordshire.
It is perhaps surprising to discover an apparently unpublished but significant feature on a medieval monument. Here at Gnosall is just such an example.
Philip Whittemore: Monumental Brasses Formerly in the Church of St Leonard, Shoreditch.
British Library Lansdowne Manuscript 874 is one of the most important heraldic collections to survive from the 16th century, but curiously enough, although well known, surprisingly little has been published concerning its content. It contains an unrivalled source, not only of drawings of monumental brasses, but also sepulchral monuments and stained glass, much of which has since disappeared. The manuscript lists 27 London churches, not all of which are recorded as having monuments. Nicholas Charles, who visited the majority of the churches, does not specify exactly what type of monument he is recording, but from the tenor of the inscriptions, the appear to be, in most cases, brasses. It is a matter of great regret that none of the London monuments in the manuscript are illustrated. This paper looks at one entry, that for St Leonard, Shoreditch and its collection of brasses.
Teresa Grant: 'Devotional Meditation': The Painted Ceiling at Skelmorlie Aisle.

Jean Wilson: Dead Fruit: The Commemoration of Still-Born and Unbaptized Children in Early Modern England.

John Lord: A Decade of Bertie Memorials in Lincolnshire.

Charles Smith: The Memorial Stone Tomorrow: A Personal View.
The following article reflects the author's personal comments to the Society's 2001 Symposium. The editors feel that it makes an apt inclusion as a commencement for further reflection and discussion. In view of that I have included some illustrations of his craftsmanship in gravestone cutting.
Norman Hammond: Church Monuments in Belize: A Final Note.

CHURCH MONUMENTS VOLUME XVIII 2003

Mark Downing: A Military Effigy at Clyffe Pypard, Wiltshire
Sophie  Oosterwijk: Madonnas, Mothers, Mites and the Macabre: Three Examples of Mother-and-Child Tomb Iconography
Double effigies commemorating a parent with a child were relatively rare before the 16th century. This may explain why some medieval sculptors turned to religious motive for inspiration. The 13th century tombs effigy of the Lady Constancia and her son John at Scarcliffe, Derbyshire strongly resembles a Madonna and Child of the period, resulting in a clash between the standing posture of the Virgin and the recumbent character of the effigy. Two German monuments at Unterreichenbach and Oberwesel further illustrate how a religious theme might influence other types of tomb iconography.
Philip Whittemore: Sir William Dug dale's 'Book of Draughts'
Sir William Dugdale's Book of Monuments is well known but surprisingly little of its contents has been published. This article looks at one aspect of this work, monumental brasses. The manuscript was compiled between 1640-1641 in anticipation of the forthcoming Civil War for Sir Christopher Hatton, Dugdale's patron. Although parts of the original manuscript are now lost, enough remains to provide a tantalizing glimpse of monuments that were soon to be swept away in the tide of the war. A summary list of all brasses illustrated in the manuscript forms an appendix to the paper. Also listed are a number of manuscripts associated with the Book of Draughts.
Paul Cockerham and Adam White: Epiphanius Evesham in a French Court.
Jean Wilson: The Darling of the Gods

Obituary: Dennis Corble

CHURCH MONUMENTS VOLUME XIX 2004

Anne Norman A V B Norman (1930-1998) and the Church Monuments Society
The study of arms and armour as art and the significance of military monumental effigies in art-historical research are two of the legacies inherited from the late A V B (Nick) Norman. It was at his initiative that a Society was established for the study of church monuments, with related publications to encourage and extend work in the field. His own research included many volumes of his minutely detailed drawings and these, together with his knowledge, enthusiasm, and genial personality, inextricably linked with Scotland, will long be remembered as keystones of the Society.
Sally Badham 'A New Feire Peynted Stone': Medieval English Incised Slabs?
Incised slabs are commonly regarded as minor monuments, lacking visual impact and chosen by patrons only when they could not afford more conspicuous monumental types. This paper challenges the assumption, presenting extensive material and documentary evidence concerning the use of polychrome and applied decoration on incised slabs, and examines how this affected the way in which these monuments were perceived by their intended audience. With such decoration, incised slabs would have been eye catching  even positioned on the floor, and would therefore have fulfilled their primary function of attracting the attention and the prayers of the faithful.
Phillip Lindley 'Disrespect for the Dead?' The Destruction of Tomb Monuments in Mid Sixteenth Century England
This paper examines the destruction of tomb monuments which took place on an unprecedented scale in England in the middle of the Sixteenth Century. It analyses the effects of the Dissolution of the Monasteries on tomb monuments and on the attitudes to the dead, then proceeding to consider the impact of the Reformation under Edward IV, with its abrogation of the doctrine of Purgatory, the dissolution of the chantries, and the new onslaught on monuments of the dead. Throughout this essay, attitudes to towards tomb monuments are situated in the contemporary religious and political climate : it is argued that the changed functions, styles, iconography, locations and formats of monuments in the second half of the Sixteenth Century must be directly linked both to the massive destruction of tomb monuments in the middle of the century and their continuing contentiousness. This period id the most important in the history of Christian tomb monuments in this country and constitutes the critical division between 'medieval' and 'early modern'. It is fundamental both to an understanding of medieval monuments and to an appreciation of those of the later sixteenth century and beyond.
Léon Lock Tales of Seventeenth Century Flemish Tomb Monuments, or How the Patron and Sculptor Work Hand in Hand to Rewrite History
This article discusses two tomb monuments in the village church of Modave (near Huy, in the former prince-bishopric of Liège), erected for Jean-Gaspar, comte de Marchin, in c. 1672. One is by Lucas Faydherbe; the other is attributed to him, principally on account of a comparison with a series of monuments in the Southern Netherlands erected for other aristocratic persons who knew the comte de Marchin and  who copied him. A complex design and production schedule is suggested and placed in the context of a biography of the comte de Marchin that is brought together here. This shows the comte de Marchin's interest in raising his social status by a number of devices, including the one of erecting a bogus tomb monument to his grandparents and having his (partly invented) family tree published in a genealogical manuscript.  
Nigel LLewllyn Horace Walpole and the Post-Reformation Funeral Monuments: the Limits of Antiquarianism  
The twenty-fifth anniversary of the Society is an appropriate occasion upon which to consider how attitudes towards funeral monuments have changed over time. Reflecting on the fundamental contribution made by Horace Walpole to the study of English monuments of the post-Reformation period, this article sets his work within the context of mid-eighteenth-century antiquarianism and seeks to reveal the aims and limitations of that methodology by taking as a case study a pair of early-seventeenth-century monuments in Salisbury Cathedral.
Philip Ward-Jackson Carlo Marochetti and the Tombs of Napoleon at the Dôme des Invalides, Paris and the Duke of Wellington at St Paul's Cathedral, London.
In quick succession, the French and British governments of the mid-nineteenth century were faced with the task of creating shrines for the greatest military heroes, Napoleon and Wellington. This article examines the inevitable parallels and the equally inevitable differences between these two monumental projects, both of which commanded space within hallowed baroque ecclesiastical structures. Carlo Marochetti, who attempted to win the commission for both monuments, appears as a 'living link' between them, and it is suggested that his abortive project for Napoleon's tomb significantly affected the choice by Alfred Stevens of a renaissance-style tiered structure for the tomb of Wellington.
Sally Badham and Philip Lankester Review Article
In reviewing Rachel Dressler's book Of Armour and Men in Medieval England, the authors examine how the study of medieval military effigies has progressed over the twenty five years that have elapsed since the formation of the CMS.
The validity of Dressler's stated aims and the extent to which they are achieved are scrutinised in the light of other recent publications and queries are raised about some of her theories and conclusions. The book should be read with caution, as  the author's  somewhat limited knowledge of English military effigies, armour and the status of knights in particular is thought likely to mislead and confuse the non-specialist.
Book Reviews
Francis Cheetham, Alabaster Images of Medieval England
Paul Binski, Becket's Crown, Art and Imagination in Gothic England
Mike McCarthy and David Weston (eds), Carlisle and Cumbria: Roman and Medieval Architecture, Art and Archaeology.